THE INTERCOLONIAL WARS 

KING WILLIAM'S WAR (WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF AUGSBURG) 1689-1697

Part of William III's effort to contain Louis XIV's attempts

to expand French power in Europe.

Conflict spreads to colonies, French in Canada vs English

on the coast.

Both sides use Indian allies.

MAY 1690: Massachusetts troops capture Port Royal, Nova

Scotia, in one of the war's greatest victories for

British Colonial forces.

MAY 1691: French retake Port Royal.

TREATY OF RYSWICK (30 SEP 1697)

1. Ends war.

2. Territorial adjustments in Europe.

3. Pre-war territorial status restored in the colonies.

QUEEN ANNE'S WAR (WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION) 1702-1713

England and other countries seek to prevent the unification

of France and Spain under one monarch, fearing that

such a union, under the leadership of Louis XIV, would

be strong enough to rule the world.

Again, conflict spreads to the colonies.

Both sides use Indian allies. French-allied Indians are

particularly successful.

DEC 1702: Carolina troops and Indian allies seize, pillage,

and burn St. Augustine.

OCT 1710: After two unsuccessful seiges, colonial troops

capture Port Royal

TREATY OF UTRECHT (11 APR 1713)

1. France cedes Newfoundland, mainland Nova Scotia, New

Brunswick, and the Hudson's Bay region to England.

2. France retains Cape Breton Island.

3. England gets the asiento (monopoly license to import

slaves into the Spanish colonies).

WAR OF JENKINS'S EAR 1739-1742

Britain declares war on Spain for alleged cruelty to British

subjects (especially cutting off Captain Jenkins's ear).

1740: Georgia and Carolina troops under James Oglethorpe

capture forts in Florida and beseige St. Augustine, but

lift the seige and retreat when relief arrives.

1742: Oglethorpe crushes a Spanish counterattack at the Battle

of Bloody Marsh on St. Simon's Island, GA.

War is still in progress when another war ignites in Europe,

and becomes merged with it.

KING GEORGE'S WAR (WAR OF AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION) 1740-1748

Frederick II ("The Great") of Prussia invades Austrian

Silesia. France allies with Prussia, England supports

Austria. France allies with Spain, which is already

fighting England in the War of Jenkins's Ear.

Frequent Indian raids on each side.

1740-1741: THE CARTAGENA EXPEDITION

Colonial troops used in an amphibious expedition

against the Spanish Caribbean coast.

The expedition is poorly supplied and poorly supported.

Colonial soldiers are pressed into service with the

British navy and mistreated.

Disease, starvation, and mistreatment kill the majority

of colonial troops.

Little military action, no military result.

Leads to great animosity in the colonies toward the

British government.

1745: Colonial forces capture Louisbourg on Cape Breton.

TREATY OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE (18 OCT 1748) restores Louisbourg

to France.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (SEVEN YEARS' WAR) 1754-1763

Begins in America, then involves Europe and, gradually,

much of the world.

Heavy combat involving regular armies and navies of each

side takes place in North America.

After early set-backs, England takes Quebec.

Heavy involvement of colonial troops.

British contempt for colonial troops increases colonial

animosity toward England.

Worldwide English victory.

TREATY OF PARIS, 1763

1. All of Canada, except two small islands in the mouth

of the St. Lawrence River, goes to England.

2. All French American territory East of the Mississippi

River, except New Orleans, goes to England.

3. Spain cedes Florida to England.