History 101

Medieval and Modern Western Europe:

Some Basic Comparisons

PREDOMINANT

ARRANGEMENTS

MEDIEVAL

MODERN

Economic System

Feudalism

Capitalism

  • Commercial
  • Manufacturing

Economic Ideal

Self-sufficiency

Favorable balance of trade

Political

Feudalism

Nation-States

Social

  • Feudalism
  • Three Estates/Orders
  • Bourgeois Dominance
  • Class position linked to economic position

Role of cities and towns

Exceptions to the rules

Center of public life

  • Political
  • Social
  • Economic

Religion

THE Church

  • Unified institution over all countries
  • Definer and determiner of faith throughout Europe
  • Rival of governments for power

No one church

  • Denominational differences
    • Among countries
    • Within countries
  • National churches
  • Diversity of beliefs
  • Increasing separation of church and state

Intellectual

  • Ultimate reality defined by the church
  • Limited education and literacy
  • Limited distribution of information
  • Multiple definers of reality
  • Religion
  • Reason
  • Science increasingly prevalent
  • Increasing spread of literacy and education
  • Printing and expanded commerce make widespread dissemination of information possible
  • Knowledge of other countries and cultures provides alternatives

Relations to the rest of the world

  • Relatively isolated
  • Religious crusades
  • Global commerce
  • Colonies