HISTORY V101
Section 003
Dr. Powers
Fall, 2007
COURSE OUTLINE
XII
EARLY MODERN
A.
[See Power
Point outlines]
1.
[“Early
Modern
2.
[“Political
Developments in Early Modern
3.
[“Religion
and the Rise of Modern Western Civilization”]
B.
The Centrality of the State
1.
Secularization
2.
Political Theories
a.
Jean Bodin and the politiques
b.
Jacques-Benigne Bossuet
c.
Thomas Hobbes
d.
John Locke
3.
Absolutism
a.
Theory
1)
Bodin
2)
Bossuet
3)
James I of
4)
Hobbes
b.
General practices
c.
Limitations of absolutism in practice
d.
The roles of nobilities
1)
Typically preservationist and resistant in the West
2)
Co-option with monarchs in the East
4.
Limited monarchies and Republics
5.
Standing Armies and the question of the military
revolution
6.
Rebellions Reflect Resistance to New Orders
a.
Peasant revolts
b.
Urban revolts
c.
Revolts of nobility
d.
Ethnic and national revolts
C.
1.
a.
Reducing power of "overmighty
subjects with independent power bases
1)
Landed nobility
2)
Huguenot cities
b.
Raison d'etat
c.
Government reorganization
1)
The use of intendants
a)
Supersede many traditional powers of noble provincial
governors
i.
Gathering and reporting data
ii.
Supervising collection and remission of taxes and
"gifts"
iii.
Overseeing administration of and obedience to royal laws
b)
Report to superintendant
c)
Superintendant reports to
2)
Nationwide spy networks report to
3)
d.
Growing debt, increased borrowing, higher taxes set the
stage for future trouble
2.
Mazarin
a.
The Fronde
b.
The Parlement de Paris
3.
Louis XIV
a.
Edict of
b.
c.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
d.
Increased centralization of government
1)
No Richelieu or Mazarin: Louis in personal control
2)
Provincial governors left with little but military
functions, and these usually take them away from their provinces
3)
Most power now in hands of intendants and superintendant, (Colbert), who reports
directly to Louis.
e.
Frequent and expensive wars
1)
François-Michel LeTellier,
Marquis de Louvois
2)
A huge professional standing army
3)
Continuing use of nobility in positions of command
4)
Increasing opportunities within the military for
talented commoners
5)
Border wars with Dutch and Germans
6)
War of the League of
7)
War of Spanish Succession
8)
Peace of
9)
Effects of wars
D.
England [See Power
Point Outline on English Civil War”]
1.
James I
a.
Divine Right of Kings vs. the “balanced polity”
b.
Alienation of Puritans
c.
Persecution of Separatists
d.
Alienation of Gentry
e.
Alienation of Parliament
f.
Alienation of People
2.
Charles I
a.
The Petition of Right
b.
William Laud and English Arminianism
c.
The rule without Parliament
d.
Ship Money and the opposition it stirs up
e.
The Scottish rebellion
f.
Long Parliament
g.
The Triennial Act
h.
John Pym
i.
Civil War
1)
Royal vs. Parliamentary Power
2)
Puritans (Roundheads) vs
Cavaliers
3)
Rising gentry and bourgeoisie vs
traditional ruling classes
4)
A split rising class, “court” vs. “country”
j.
Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army
k.
Presbyterians vs. Independents
l.
Rump Parliament
m.
Beheading the King
3.
Cromwell and the Commonwealth
a.
The Monarchy abolished and a Commonwealth proclaimed
b.
The House of Lords abolished
c.
The Church of England disestablished
d.
Levellers broken
e.
Parliament dispersed
f.
Suppression of rebellions in
g.
The Instrument of Government
h.
The Lord Protector and the new Parliament
i.
Military dictatorship
4.
Charles II and the Restoration
a.
The Declaration of
b.
Restoration of the Monarchy, the House of Lords, and the
traditional “balanced polity”
c.
The “Cavalier Parliament”
1)
Restoration of the Church of England
2)
Compulsion and exclusion of dissenters
d.
The Declaration of Indulgences
e.
The Test Act
5.
James II
a.
Ignoring the Test Act
b.
A new Declaration of Indulgences
c.
The Catholic Succession
d.
The Glorious Revolution
6.
William and Mary and the Revolution Settlement
a.
Parliament in control
b.
English Bill of Rights
c.
Toleration Act
E.
1.
General
a.
Economic decline as resources from
b.
Persistent expenditures in excess of revenue
c.
Heavily bureaucratic royal government
1)
Many rules and restrictions regulate much of life
2)
Large numbers of government employees
a)
Salaries, expenses, etc.
b)
Necessity of large government expenditures
c)
Contributes to budget deficits
d.
Persistent influence of a huge nobility
1)
Thwarts attempts at centralization and efficiency
2)
Exemptions from many taxes and regulations diminish
potential government revenues
e.
Tremendous allocation of economic and personnel
resources to church
1)
Many monks and monasteries
2)
Churches and priests everywhere
3)
Mortmain escheat
rules lead to accumulation of much land and wealth in the hands of the church,
diminishing the potential pool of investment capital
f.
Heavy government control of the economy
1)
Inefficiency affects the economy
2)
Large numbers of bureaucrats soak up resources, further
shrinking pool of potential investment capital
3)
Discourages development of a powerful commercial class (bourgeoisie)
g.
Traditional class structures, obligations, and values
discourage innovation and modernization
2.
Philip II
a.
The Golden Age
b.
The
c.
Bankruptcy of the government
3.
Philip III, the Duke of Lerma,
and another bankruptcy
4.
Philip IV
a.
Gaspar de Guzman, Count de Olivares, and attempts at
political reform
b.
Continuing power of aristocracy and church defeats
reform
c.
Wars and economic decline
d.
Internal revolts
e.
Loss of
5.
Charles II and the War of Spanish Succession
F.
The Empire
1.
The Thirty Years's War
a.
Causes
b.
Protestant
c.
Phases
1)
Bohemian
2)
Danish
3)
Swedish
4)
Franco-Swedish
d.
Albrecht von Wallenstein
e.
Edict of Restitution
f.
Gustavus Adolphus
g.
Major battles and their significance
1)
Luetzen
2)
Nordlingen
3)
Rocroi
h.
The Peace of
i.
Effects
2.
The Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia
a.
Scattered Hohenzollern Holdings
b.
Frederick William, the Great Elector
1)
The Prussian Army
2)
The General War Commissariat
3)
The militarized state
4)
The deal with the Junkers
5)
Mercantlist economics
c.
Frederick III becomes Frederick I
3.
The Emergence of
a.
The collapse of the dream of a genuine
b.
Leopold I and the drive eastward