HISTORY V101
Section 003
Dr. Powers
Fall, 2007
COURSE OUTLINE
XI
ENCOUNTERING A WIDER WORLD [See “Explorations and Empires” Power Point Outline]
A.
Exploration, Discovery, and Expansion
1.
Major Motives
a.
God
b.
Gold
c.
Glory
2.
Enablers
a.
Modern states
b.
Technology
1)
Portolani
2)
New maps
3)
New ships and riggings
4)
Navigational aids
a)
Compass
b)
Astrolabe
5)
Note how innovation feeds innovation
c.
Improved state of knowledge
3.
The Influence of Marco Polo
4.
Immediate stimuli to exploration
a.
The decline of the Mongol Empire and the partial closure
of the Silk Road and other land routes to the
b.
The Italian monopoly on Mediterranean trade
c.
The revived Portuguese Reconquista and the search for a
way to flank the Muslims
d.
NOT the Turkish capture of
5.
a.
Henry the Navigator
b.
Antam Gonçalves and the Black Cargo
c.
Bartholemeu Dias
d.
Vasco da Gama
e.
Alfonso d'Albuquerque
f.
The Portuguese Empire
1)
Basis in trade
2)
The station system
3)
The necessity of controlling the sea
6.
a.
Christopher Columbus
b.
Treaty of Tordesillas
c.
Hernan Cortes
d.
Francisco Pizarro
e.
Vasco Nuñez de Balboa
f.
Ferdinand Magellan
g.
Encomienda
h.
The great dying
i.
Bartolome' de las Casas
j.
Mass conversions
k.
The Spanish Empire
1)
Based on occupation and exploitation of land and people
2)
Direct governance of vast territories by Spanish
3)
Depends on controlling land, not so much on control of
the sea
7.
Other countries catch up
a.
The decline of the Portuguese Empire
1)
Relatively low resource base
2)
Spread of technology removes the Portuguese edge
3)
Nature of empire creates vulnerability
b.
The Dutch,
c.
The French, North America, the Caribbean,
d.
The British, North America,
B.
The Growth of Commercial Capitalism
1.
The growing use of joint stock companies
a.
Dutch East and West India Companies
b.
The French East India Company
c.
British companies
1)
Muscovy Company
2)
Virginia Company of
3)
Virginia Company of
4)
Massachusetts Bay Company
5)
East Indian Company
6)
Royal African Company
2.
The importance of new financial institutions
a.
The Bank of
b.
The
C.
Mercantilism [See “Mercantilism
and Colonies” Power Point outline]
1.
The theory
2.
The importance of colonies
3.
The necessity of growth of government in order to
regulate trade
4.
International trade rivalries and wars
D.
The importance of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade
1.
Single greatest source of revenue and wealth in the
Atlantic economy
2.
Helps fuel the rise of
E.
Impacts of Expansion
a.
On the
1)
Devastation of local societies and cultures
2)
The presence of European and African immigrants
3)
Rise of a slave-based economy
4)
Multiracial Latin American society and culture
5)
Growth of settler colonies
6)
Imperial rivalries and wars
b.
On
1)
Loss of population
2)
Strengthening of slave-trading states
3)
Spread of Christianity
4)
Little direct influence on the interior
5)
Presence of the Boer colony in
c.
On
1)
Tightening of European, especially British, control over
2)
Isolation and growth in power of
3)
Spread of Christianity in the
4)
Decline of Chinese power and of native powers in
5)
Unfavorable balance of trade with Europe and loss of
control over international trade to
d.
On
1)
Challenges to religious ideas
a)
Two creations? Two
b)
Where do Indians fit into the postdeluvian
pattern?
c)
Are non-Europeans God's creatures?
2)
Challenges to social expectations
a)
Familiarity with very different societies challenges
assumption that the European way is the only way. Others do things differently,
sometimes very differently, and succeed
b)
Is an Indian chief the equal of a British nobleman, and
so superior to a British working man?
3)
Challenges to social structure
a)
How to treat lower-class people who rise in the
colonies?
b)
Wealth shifts increasingly to non-noble businessmen
involved in colonial trade
c)
Changes in lifestyles, as less wealthy people can afford
things that used to be unimaginable luxuries
i.
Tobacco
ii.
Sugar
iii.
Cotton textiles
4)
Rivalries and wars among European nations
5)
The "Price Revolution"
a)
What was it?
b)
Why did it happen?
c)
The polarization of wealth
d)
Other effects
6)
Increase in European knowledge and power, so that
7)
Increase in European ethnocentrism
e.
The Columbian Exchange
1)
a)
New plants and animals
b)
New diseases
c)
European technology
d)
European settlers
e)
African slaves
f)
European trade goods
2)
a)
European technology, especially guns
b)
European trade goods
c)
American crops
3)
a)
Rich
b)
Gold and silver
c)
American crops, especially corn and potatoes, tobacco
and chocolate
f.
MAJOR EFFECT: A WORLD INCREASINGLY INTEGRATED