HISTORY V101
Section 002
Dr. Powers
Fall, 2008
COURSE OUTLINE
X. THE
REFORMATIONS [SEE POWER POINT OUTLINE]
A.
Northern Renaissance and Northern Humanism
1.
Religious emphasis
2.
Emphasis on reform of church through classical education
of leaders and believers
3.
Desiderius Erasmus and The Praise of Folly
4.
Thomas More and Utopia
B.
The
1.
Leo X and the money-driven papacy
2.
Popular Faith
a.
Mechanical redemption: indulgences and relics
b.
Modern Devotion, Thomas a Kempis and The Imitation of Christ
3.
A corrupt church
a.
Domination by noble and wealthy bourgeois families
b.
Pluralism
c.
Absenteeism
d.
Ignorance of lower clergy
e.
Use of indulgences and relics to raise money
f.
Johann Tetzel
4.
Reform attempts within the Church
a.
The religious orders: Franciscans, Dominicans,
Augustinians (NOTE: Martin Luther was an Augustinian monk)
b.
Johannes Geiler and other “popular
preachers”
c.
The Oratory of Divine Love
B.
Martin Luther and Lutheranism
1.
Luther's personal quest
2.
The Indulgence issue and the 95 Theses
3.
Major Elements of Lutheran reform
a.
Justification by Faith
b.
Primacy of Scriptures
c.
Priesthood of Every Believer
4.
Johann Eck and the
5.
The Excommunication, the Diet of
6.
The Spread of Lutheranism
a.
The importance of the
b.
Philip Melancthon
c.
Preachers and public disputations
d.
Imposition of Lutheran reforms by state action
e.
Strong links of Lutheran churches to governments
f.
Luther's writings and the power of the press
g.
The spread into Scandinavia
C.
The German Context
1.
Charles V's dream of Empire
2.
German princes' desire for autonomy
3.
Francis I and the Hapsburg-Valois rivalry
4.
The Ottoman Distraction
5.
The Schmalkaldic League
6.
Religious War (The Schmalkaldic
War)
a.
Lutherans vs. Catholics
b.
Empire vs. States
c.
Hapsburg-Valois Wars provide another context
7.
Peace of
8.
The Peasants' Revolt
a.
Thomas Müntzer
b.
Luther's "Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes
of Peasants"
D.
Ulrich Zwingli
1.
Basic ideas
a.
State Supervision of religion
b.
Simplicity in service
c.
Elimination of mass, art, saints, relics, pilgrimages,
etc.
d.
Sacraments only as reminders
2.
The
3.
Swiss war
E.
Reformation Radicals
1.
Diversity
2.
General trends
a.
Congregationalism
b.
Separation of Church and State
c.
Absence of separate priesthood
d.
Lack of organization or structure
3.
Anabaptists
a.
Separation of Church and State
b.
Congregationalism
c.
Believer baptism
d.
Anti-clericalism
e.
f.
Menno Simons and the Mennonites
F.
The Anglican Reformation [See “House of Tudor, House of Stuart” Handout]
1.
Henry VIII
a.
Defender of the Faith
b.
Persistence of Lollardy
c.
The need for an heir
d.
The divorce question
2.
Thomas Cromwell Plans and Executes the Reformation
a.
Organizes modern administration of church and government
b.
Involvement of Parliament in major changes boosts
Parliamentary power and prestige
c.
Act in Restraint of Appeals
d.
Act of Supremacy
e.
Treason Act
f.
The dissolution of the monasteries
g.
The death of Thomas More
3.
Edward VI
a.
Influence of Thomas Cranmer
b.
Further Protestantization
c.
The Book of Common
Prayer
4.
Mary I
a.
Attempted counter-reformation
b.
"Bloody Mary"
c.
The unpopular Spanish marriage
5.
Elizabeth I and the via media [See “The Church of England Under
Elizabeth I” Handout]
G.
John Calvin and Calvinism
1.
Basic ideas
a.
TULIP
1)
Total depravity of
mankind
2)
Unconditional
election
3)
Limited atonement
of Christ
4)
Irresistible Grace
5)
Persistence of
Saints
b.
Predestination
c.
The Elect and Visible Saints
d.
The Institutes of
the Christian Religion
2.
3.
Government as God's agent
4.
Internationalization of the Reformation
H.
Arminianism
4.
Two applications of the term
a.
Theological Arminianism
b.
Anglican Arminianism
5.
Jacobus Arminius
6.
Major elements of the theology
a.
Opposition to Calvinism on most major points
b.
Free will
c.
Grace freely available to all
d.
The necessity of an act of acceptance
e.
Emphasis on the consequences of human choices and
actions
f.
Anti-predestinarian: a
person's final fate is indeterminate up to the moment of death itself
7.
Anglican Arminianism
a.
The mainstream of the Church of England
b.
Opposed by Puritans
c.
Arminian in theology
d.
Retention of some practices more typical of Catholic
Church
1)
Liturgical services
2)
Vested priests
3)
Stained glass and other didactic and awe-inspiring art
4)
Choral music
5)
Episcopal governance
e.