HISTORY V101
Section 002
Dr. Powers
Fall, 2008
COURSE OUTLINE
A. The Concept of
Historical Periodization and the Idea of Renaissance [See “The Renaissance View of the History of
Western Civilization” Handout]
B. Renaissance
Characteristics
1.
Renaissance Consciousness
2.
Admiration of classical times
a.
Interest in original languages and sources
b.
Emulation of classical arts
3.
Humanism
a.
Roots in “humanities”
b.
Petrarch
c.
Leonardo Bruni
d.
Lorenzo Valla and the Donation of
e.
Philosophy
1)
Marsilio Ficino, the Platonic Academy and Renaissance Neo-Platonism
2)
Renaissance Hermeticism
3)
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola [See
“Oration on the Dignity of Man” Handout]
f.
Education
1)
The idea of the “universal man”
2)
Emphasis on the liberal arts
3)
Pietro Paolo Vergerio
4)
Vittorino da Feltre
5)
Francesco Guicciardini and the
special importance of history
4.
Individualism [See
handout: excerpt from B. Cellinis “Autobiography”]
5.
The "Renaissance Man," Baldassare
Castiglione, and the ideal courtier
6.
Secularism, to a degree
7.
Realism and perspective in art
a.
Masaccio
b.
Paolo Uccello
c.
Antonio Pollaiuolo
d.
Sandro Botticelli
e.
Donato di Donatello
f.
Filippo Bruneleschi
g.
Leonardo da Vinci
h.
Raphael
i.
Michelangelo and the Sistine Chapel
j.
Donato Bramante
k.
The North
1)
Albrecht Durer
2)
Jan van Eyk
3)
General differences with
8.
Guillaume Dufay, the Madrigal, and Renaissance Music
9.
The new image of the artist
a.
Giorgio Vasari
b.
Benvenuto Cellini [See Handout: Excerpt from Cellini’s “Autobiography”]
c.
Public respect for the "divine" creative role
of the artist
d.
Tolerance for artists' personal and social peccadilloes
e.
Rising social and economic positions of artists
10. Expansion of
commerce and its effects
11. Literacy's
expansion
a.
Printing and its effects
b.
Johannes Gutenberg
C. Economic Recovery
1.
Expanded Trade
a.
b.
c.
The
2.
The
3.
Recovery of the woolens industry
4.
New industries and technologies
5.
The Medici, banking, and a new financial infrastructure
D. Social Changes and
Class Reassignments
1.
A Reconstructed aristocracy
2.
Urban Patricians
3.
Peasants
4.
Merchants and upper bourgeoisie (burghers)
5.
Artisans and petit bourgeoisie
6.
The urban proletariat
a.
paid workers
b.
the unemployed
7.
Slaves
8.
A few prominent aristocratic women
a.
Isabella d'Este
b.
Isotta Nogarola
c.
Cassandra Fedele
d.
Laura Cereta
e.
Battista Sforza
9.
Family Life
a.
Extended families, especially among the upper classes
b.
The value of an old, honored family name, and the
importance of upholding it
c.
Vendetta
d.
Arranged marriages and dowries
e.
Frequently, substantial age differences between husband
and wife
f.
Extramarital sex and prostitution
E. The Italian
Political System
1.
City-states and larger principalities
a.
Multiple small states in the North
b.
Three major powers in the North
1)
Milan
2)
Venice
3)
Florence
c.
The
d.
The
2.
Civic Humanism
3.
Patron families & despots
a.
Medici in
b.
Visconti and Sforza in
c.
Gonzaga in
d.
D’Este in
e.
Montefeltro in Urbino
4.
Modern diplomatic practices
5.
The Peace of Lodi and its effects: balance of power
6.
Niccolo Machivelli and The
Prince [See Separate Handout’]
7.
External interventions and their consequences
F.
The "New Monarchies"
1.
General characteristics
a.
Royal authority
b.
Centrally-controlled bureaucracy
c.
Professional military
d.
Suppression of noble autonomy
e.
Political control over the country's church
f.
Firm territorial boundaries
g.
Loyalty from people inside boundaries
2.
a.
Charles VII
1)
An active Estates-General
2)
The taille
3)
The Pragmatic Sanction of
b.
Louis XI (The Spider)
1)
Struggles with Charles the Bold
2)
Great extension of direct royal control over French
lands
3.
a.
The War of the Roses
b.
c.
Henry VII and a New Stability
1)
No standing army
2)
No independent noble armies
3)
Diplomacy keeps the peace
4)
Living off traditional sources of royal revenue
5)
The Court of the Star Chamber
4.
a.
Ferdinand and Isabella
b.
Creation of Spain
c.
Development of a strong professional military force
d.
Royal control of church officials in
e.
Internal religious and political conformity
1)
Use of religion for political unity
2)
The Spanish Inquisition
3)
Forcible conversions
4)
Expulsions of Muslims and Jews
5.
The
a.
National fragmentation
b.
Modern politics within some states
c.
The Hapsburgs, their patrimony, their marriages
G. Eastern Europe
1.
Decentralization prevails in general
2.
Ivan III and
3.
The Fall of
4.
Ottoman conquests in the Balkans
H. The Church in the
Renaissance
1.
Growing papal control of the church
a.
Councils decree, but cannot control
b.
Martin V
c.
Pius II and Execrabilis
d.
The end of the Consiliar
Movement
2.
The Renaissance Popes
a.
The Popes
1)
Sixtus IV
2)
Alexander VI and his children
3)
Julius II
4)
Leo X
b.
General characteristics
1)
Patrons of Renaissance culture
2)
Temporal concerns overshadow spiritual ones
3)
Machiavellian Italian monarchs
4)
Uses of nepotism
3.
Resistance
a.
Wycliffe and the persistence of Lollardy
b.
Huss, the persistence of Hussites,
and the Hussite Wars
c.
Growing public disenchantment with the church
1)