HISTORY V101

Section 002

Dr. Powers

Fall, 2008

COURSE OUTLINE

VII . THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES

A. A Time of Revival

1. A Warming Trend

2. Population growth

3. Agricultural expansion

a. Expansion of arable land

b. The carruca and its effects

c. The three-field system

d. Watermills and windmills

e. The horse collar and horseshoes

4. Renewal of commerce and the rise of commercial capitalism

a. Renewal of cash economy

b. The Italian city-states and the Eastern trade

1) Continued trading ties with the Byzantine Empire

2) The effects of the Crusades

c. Flanders and the Northern trade

d. Growth of textile manufacturing

e. Fairs

5. Growth of cities and towns

a. Revival of old Roman-era municipalities

b. Establishment of new towns and cities

c. The rise of the bourgeoisie

6. New political organizations

a. Modern kingships and countries

b. The Holy Roman Empire [See Power Point Outline/Presentation]

c. Cities and Towns

7. Artistic and intellectual revitalization

8. Reform and revival in the church

B. Life in the High Middle Ages

1. Peasants

a. Yearly cycle of life and labor

b. Feast days and holidays

c. Home, family and diet

d. Gradual erosion of serfdom

e. The village church

2. Townsmen

a. Town life

b. Guilds, apprenticeship, etc.

c. Charters and town liberties

d. Communes

e. City Law and city government

f. Growth of the "Putting Out System"

3. Aristocrats

a. A belligerent society

1) High sense of honor, easily offended

2) Frequent wars, large-scale and small

3) Church support for and participation in the system

4) “The Peace of God”

5) “The Truce of God”

b. Knights, knighthood, chivalry, castles, and tournaments

c. Aristocratic women

1) Roles and responsibilities

2) Eleanor of Aquitaine

3) Blanche of Castile

d. Aristocratic men

e. Marriage and family patterns

C. Intellectual Life [See “Medieval Intellectual History” Power Point Outline]

1. Universities

a. Formation and Structure

1) The University of Bologna model

2) The University of Paris model

b. Character and curriculum

1) The liberal arts

a) Trivium

b) Quadrivium

2) Theology, medicine, law, and philosophy

3) Lectures and glosses

c. Degrees and titles

d. Students and student life

2. The "Twelfth Century Renaissance"

a. Recovery of some of Aristotle’s works previously lost to Western Civilization

b. Other Graeco-Roman recoveries

c. The role of Islamic societies in the transmission of classical works

d. Other Intellectual gifts of Islam

1) Mathematics

2) Medicine

3) Science

4) Averroes

5) Maimonides

3. Scholasticism

a. Attempting to reconcile faith and reason

b. Peter Abelard and Sic et Non [See Handout: “Peter Abelard and St. Bernard of Clairvaux”]

c. Nominalism and Realism

4. The problem of Aristotle

a. The Church had proclaimed Aristotle a reliable authority in understanding truth

b. Some of Aristotle’s newly-recovered works contradict other Church teachings

5. St. Thomas Aquinas and the Great Synthesis [See handout: “Thomas Aquinas – Faith, Reason and Natural Law”]

6. Recovery of Roman Law

a. Law schools for new monarchies

b. The University of Bologna

c. The "ordinary gloss"

d. Influence on common law and canon law

7. Literature

a. Latin persists in church and schools

b. Vast increase in vernacular literature

1) Chanson de geste, sagas, and epics

2) Troubadour poetry and the vernacular

3) The courtly romance

D. Medieval Architecture

1. Romanesque

2. Gothic

E. New Kingdoms

1. England

a. King Canute and Danish dominance

b. The restoration of the Anglo-Saxon monarchy

1) Edward the Confessor

2) Harold Godwinson

c. The Norman Conquest

1) William the Conqueror (William I)

2) Hastings

3) Domesday Book

4) Oath of Salisbury Plain

5) A strong centralized monarchy

6) Shires, Hundreds, and Sheriffs

7) Regular taxation and royal courts

8) the continuing French connection

9) Anglo-Saxon + Norman = English

d. Henry II

1) The exchequer

2) Royal Courts and Common Law

3) Thomas à Becket

e. John

1) Attempts to modernize and centralize

2) Resistance of barons

3) The battle with Innocent III

4) Magna Carta

f. Edward I

1) Calling of Parliament

2) Conquest of Wales

3) Failed attempts to conquer Scotland

4) The Feud with Pope Boniface VIII [See Handout: “Unam Sanctam”]

2. France

a. Philip II

1) Plantagenet Wars

a) Gains new royal territory

b) Removes English control from France

2) Royal officials to administer newly-won lands

b. Louis IX ("Saint Louis")

c. Philip IV

1) Strengthens government through bureaucracy

2) The Estates-General and by-passing nobles

3) The Feud with Pope Boniface VIII [See Handout: “Unam Sanctam”]

3. Iberia

a. The Reconquista

b. Several kingdoms, Christian and Muslim, fight and coexist

c. El Cid

d. Repartimiento

e. Fueros

f. The condition of Muslims under Christian rule

4. Holy Roman Empire [See Power Point Outline/Presentation: “The Holy Roman Empire”]

a. Germany

1) The persistent conflict of kings and lords

2) Henry III and Lay Investiture

3) Henry IV and the Investiture Controversy [See Handout packet beginning with “Gregory VII: Dictatus Papae”]

4) Frederick I ("Barbarossa"), Italy, and Legnano

5) Henry VI, uniting the Empire with South Italy, dying early

6) Frederick II allows Germany to drift away from Imperial rule

7) Destruction of Imperial Power

8) The Election of Rudolph von Habsburg

b. Italy

1) Papal States and Papal Power

2) Involvement of Holy Roman Emperors

3) The conflicts between Popes and Emperors

4) The alliance of northern cities

5) Norman kingdom in the South

6) Frederick II's attempt at Italian unity

7) Angevin Naples and Aragonese Sicily

c. Both Germany and Italy remain fragmented

5. The periphery

a. Scandinavia

1) The emergence of kingdoms

2) Conversion to Christianity

b. Eastern Europe

1) Poland

2) The Teutonic Knights & Prussia

3) Hungary

c. Russia

1) Kiev and the Boyars

2) The role of the Orthodox Church

3) The Mongol Conquests

a) China and Korea

b) Destruction of the Abbasid caliphate

c) Europe

d) Turning back from Europe

4) Mongol Overlordship in Russia

5) Alexander Nevsky

a) Defeating the German invaders

b) Cooperation with Mongol overlords

c) Grand Prince under Mongol rule

F. The Church in the High Middle Ages

1. Popular religion

a. The influence of the local priest

b. Syncretism and continuing traditional practices

c. The importance of the sacraments

d. Central role of the church in daily life

e. Cults of saints and relics

f. The cult of Mary

g. Indulgences

h. Pilgrimages

2. The sad state of the church

a. Prevalence of simony & political control

b. Corrupt and uneducated clergy

c. Papal corruption

1) John XII

2) Benedict IX (the gambler)

3) Emperor Henry III and the Synod of Sutri

d. Decline in moral authority of papacy and monasteries

e. Albegensianism or Catharism and other heresies